Latte, compagno di vita. Prima parte.
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Abstract
L'aumento costante dell'aspettativa di vita non è sempre accompagnato da un aumento della durata della vita in buona salute. Il latte e i prodotti caseari sono importanti fonti di numerosi nutrienti chiave, alcuni dei quali particolarmente importanti in determinate fasi della vita.
È ormai riconosciuto che le proteine del latte possono stimolare il fattore di crescita insulino-simile 1 (IGF-1), essenziale per la crescita ossea longitudinale e l'acquisizione di massa ossea nei bambini piccoli, riducendo così il rischio di ritardo della crescita. Un basso consumo di latte durante l'adolescenza, soprattutto tra le ragazze, può contribuire a un apporto subottimale di calcio, magnesio, iodio e altri importanti nutrienti.
Il latte vaccino è un alimento sano consumato in tutto il mondo da persone di tutte le età.
Purtroppo, gli individui con deficit di lattasi non sono in grado di digerire il principale carboidrato del latte, il lattosio, privandosi così di proteine del latte altamente benefiche come la caseina, la lattoalbumina e la lattoglobulina a causa dell'intolleranza al lattosio.
Altri sviluppano allergie specifiche a queste proteine.
La gestione di queste patologie è variabile e una diagnosi o un trattamento inappropriati possono avere conseguenze significative per i pazienti, soprattutto per i neonati o i bambini molto piccoli, comportando restrizioni dietetiche non necessarie o reazioni avverse evitabili. Infine, esistono ormai solide prove che il consumo di latte e latticini non aumenta il rischio di malattie cardiovascolari e diabete di tipo 2.
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